Basically Ivan said that there should be no separation between Church and state. The two contradict themselves. Ivan explained that "compromise betwee the stae and the church on such questions as courts, for examples, is in my opinion, in its perfect and pure essence, impossible." He thought that Church should not be just a corner of the state, but be involved in the whole state.
Miusov thought that would give all the power to the Roman Catholic Church, but more specifically to the pope. His understanding of what Ivan was saying would lead to a form of socialism. There would be no wars, diplomats, banks, etc.
Zosima answered the debate by saying that in a way what Ivan is talking about already exists. Zosima goes on to explain that without the church, there would be more crimes and there would be no punishment for it later. With the Church and God, now there is a punishment for their afterlife and also the battle the criminal has with his conscience. It's Christ's law that makes a man struggle with his conscience. The Church will also never excommunicate anyone so that the criminal will still have faith and maybe correct their wrongdoings some day. I think he's right with the faith and the conscience, but there are going to be some people that don't care about their conscience still. He also fails to mention that the government is still there and still making laws.
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